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Symptoms of Depression and Mania
Not everyone who is depressed or manic experiences every symptom. Some people experience only a few; some people suffer many. The severity of symptoms varies among individuals and also over time.
Depression
* Persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood.
* Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism.
* Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness.
* Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyable, including sex.
* Decreased energy, fatigue; feeling slowed down.
* Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions.
* Trouble sleeping, early morning awakening, or oversleeping.
* Changes in appetite and/or weight.
* Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts.
* Restlessness or irritability.
* Persistent physical symptoms, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain that do not respond to routine treatment.
Mania
* Abnormal or excessive elation.
* Unusual irritability.
* Decreased need for sleep.
* Grandiose notions.
* Increased talking.
* Racing thoughts.
* Increased sexual desire.
* Markedly increased energy.
* Poor judgment.
* Inappropriate social behavior.
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If the outcome may be months or years away, how can a person tell whether his psychotherapy is any good?
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